| 38 | 0 | 45 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
针对目前超声波螺栓紧固力检测中存在的采样速率低、测量准确度低的问题，研制了基于ZYNQ的超声波螺栓紧固力检测系统。基于声弹性理论和Hooke定律，推导螺栓紧固力与超声波声时差的对应关系，并进行温度补偿。在ZYNQ芯片上对采集的回波信号采用相关性法进行声时差计算，利用FPGA快速计算信号互相关函数，并在ARM端进行三次样条插值处理，从而获得准确的声时差估计值。标定试验结果表明：相较于相关性法的传统实现方式，该系统运算速度大幅提高，单次声时差计算耗时仅需不到50μs；系统超声波渡越时间的测量分辨率达到百皮秒量级；系统动态标定重复准确度达到±0.2%，相较于现有检测系统提升显著。
Abstract：In view of the defects of low sampling rate and insufficient measurement accuracy in existing ultrasonic detection methods of bolt clamping force, the ultrasonic detection system of bolt fastening force based on ZYNQ was developed. Based on the principles of acoustoelastic effect and Hooke′s law, the relationship between the bolt fastening force and ultrasonic transit time difference was deduced, and the temperature compensation was carried out.The correlation method was adopted to calculate the transit time difference for the collected echo signals on ZYNQ. The system calculated the output of the cross-correlation function quickly by FPGA, and carried out cubic spline interpolation on the ARM side to obtain an accurate estimation of the transit time difference. The calibration testing results showed that, compared to traditional correlation methods, the computing speed of this system was greatly improved, and the time consumed for a single calculation of transit time difference was less than 50 μs. The measurement resolution of ultrasonic transit time of the system was on the order of hundreds of picoseconds. And the repeatability of the system′ s dynamic calibration results was within ±0.2%. Compared to existing detection systems, this system has been significantly improved.
[1]严勇，刘楚达.风电螺栓轴向应力超声测量标定实验研究[J].应用声学，2021,40(4):594-601.YAN Y,LIU C D.Experimental study on ultrasonic measurement and calibration of axial stress of wind turbine bolt[J].Journal of Applied Acoustics,2021,40(4):594-601(in Chinese）.
[2]赵新玉，王英华，张佳莹.高强度发动机螺栓轴向应力的测量[J].无损检测，2021,43(4):26-29.ZHAO X Y,WANG Y H,ZHANG J Y.The measurement of the axial stress in a high strength engine bolt[J].Nondestructive Testing,2021,43(4):26-29(in Chinese）.
[3]NIKRAVESH S M Y,GOUDARZI M.A review paper on looseness detection methods in bolted structures[J].Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures,2017,14(12):2153-2176.
[4]JOSHI S G,PATHARE R G.Ultrasonic instrument for measuring bolt stress[J].Ultrasonics,1984,22(6):261-269.
[5]STEBLAY B J.New instrumentation for roof bolt load measurement[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1987,IA-23(4):731-735.
[6]JHANG K Y,QUAN H H,HA J,et al.Estimation of clamping force in high-tension bolts through ultrasonic velocity measurement[J].Ultrasonics,2006,44:e1339-e1342.
[7]张俊.基于声弹性原理的超声波螺栓紧固力测量技术研究[D].杭州：浙江大学，2005.ZHANG J.Research on the ultrasonic measurement technology of bolt tension based on the sono-elasticity principle[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2005(in Chinese）.
[8]刘家斌，王雪梅，倪文波.螺栓轴向应力-超声波渡越时间自动标定系统研究[J].中国测试，2020,46(3):91-96.LIU J B,WANG X M,NI W B.Research on automatic calibration system of bolt axial stress-ultrasonic time of flight[J].China Measurement&Test,2020,46(3):91-96(in Chinese）.
[9]卢秉伦，章兰珠，陈威.法兰螺栓紧固力超声测量研究[J].机械设计与制造，2024(2):261-265.LU B L,ZHANG L Z,CHEN W.Research on ultrasonic measurement of flange bolt tightening force[J].Machinery Design&Manufacture,2024(2):261-265(in Chinese）.
[10]MIAO R S,SHEN R L,ZHANG S H,et al.A review of bolt tightening force measurement and loosening detection[J].Sensors,2020,20(11):3165.
[11]贾雪，王雪梅，甘文成，等.声弹性效应螺栓轴向应力标定试验研究[J].中国测试，2018,44(3):23-27.JIA X,WANG X M,GAN W C,et al.Research on calibration of bolt′s axial stress based on acoustoelastic effect[J].China Measurement&Test,2018,44(3):23-27(in Chinese）.
[12]徐春广，李骁，潘勤学，等.螺栓拉应力超声无损检测方法[J].应用声学，2014,33(2):102-106.XU C G,LI X,PAN Q X,et al.Bolt stress measurements by ultrasonic non-destructive methods[J].Journal of Applied A-coustics,2014,33(2):102-106(in Chinese）.
[13]PAN Q X,PAN R P,CHANG M L,et al.A shape factor based ultrasonic measurement method for determination of bolt preload[J].NDT&E International,2020,111:102210.
[14]刘镇清，华剑南，梁穗，等.螺栓材料应力与声速、温度关系的测定[J].应用声学，1997,16(5):26-31.LIU Z Q,HUA J N,LIANG S,et al.Determination of ultrasonic wave velocity-stress-temperature relations in bolt materials inspection[J].Journal of Applied Acoustics,1997,16(5):26-31(in Chinese）.
[15]LIU Y M,LIU E X,CHEN Y L,et al.Measurement of fastening force using dry-coupled ultrasonic waves[J].Ultrasonics,2020,108:106178.
[16]LIU Y M,ZHI J J,LIU E X,et al.Influence of different ultrasonic transducers on the precision of fastening force measurement[J].Applied Acoustics,2022,185:108357.
[17]CARULLO A,PARVIS M.An ultrasonic sensor for distance measurement in automotive applications[J].IEEE Sensors Journal,2001,1(2):143-147.
[18]庞松，王雪梅，倪文波.嵌入式风电机组多螺栓应力监测系统设计[J].电子测量技术，2021,44(4):166-171.PANG S,WANG X M,NI W B.Design of embedded multibolts stress monitoring system for wind turbines[J].Electronic Measurement Technology,2021,44(4):166-171(in Chinese）.
[19]王漫.基于互相关法超声波流量测量及监控软件设计[D].大连：大连理工大学，2021.WANG M.Ultrasonic flow measurement and monitoring software design based on cross-correlation method[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2021(in Chinese）.
[20]SO H C.A comparative study of two discrete-time phase delay estimators[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2005,54(6):2501-2504．
[21]孙秋菊，韩焱.信号相关性分析及其在超声检测中的应用[J].计量与测试技术，2005,32(12):28-29.SUN Q J,HAN Y.An introduction to related analysis of signal and its application in ultrasonic test[J].Metrology&Measurement Technique,2005,32(12):28-29(in Chinese）.
[22]SUN S H,LI S Y,LIN L,et al.A novel signal processing method based on cross-correlation and interpolation for To Fmeasurement[C]//2019 IEEE 4th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP).Wuxi,China:IEEE,2019:664-668.
[23]冉毅川，毛延翩，姬升阳，等.一种用于超声螺栓预紧力测量的时延算法[J].无损检测，2022,44(10):60-64.RAN Y C,MAO Y P,JI S Y,et al.A time delay algorithm for measuring the pretightening force of ultrasonic bolts[J].Nondestructive Testing,2022,44(10):60-64(in Chinese).
基本信息:
中图分类号:TH131.3;TG115.285
引用信息:
[1]徐伟,陆云洋,郭翠娟,等.基于ZYNQ的超声波螺栓紧固力检测系统[J].天津工业大学学报,2026,45(01):94-100.
基金信息:
中国博士后科学基金面上项目（2019M661013）; 天津市科技计划项目（20YDTPJC01090,22YDTPJC00090）