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为有效提升聚酰胺酰亚胺（PAI）纤维的力学性能，促进其在阻燃防护领域的应用，采用湿法纺丝制备PAI纤维。首先探究PAI浓度、针头规格对PAI初生纤维力学性能的影响，其次通过改变热处理工艺和采用“循环湿法纺丝法”，实现了PAI纤维力学性能的显著提升。结果表明：当PAI质量分数为24%并且针头规格为26G时，PAI初生纤维的力学性能最佳，其应力和应变分别为21.20 MPa和20.62%；对PAI初生纤维进行高温处理引发其热亚胺化反应，随着温度的升高，热亚胺化反应愈发剧烈，PAI纤维的力学性能越优异，最佳热亚胺化反应温度为340℃，此时PAI-340纤维的应力和应变分别为86.16 MPa和19.12%；以340℃为终止温度，通过阶梯式升温对PAI初生纤维进行高温处理，设置的温度越多，阶梯式升温所提供的热量越少，热亚胺化反应程度越低，PAI纤维的力学性能提升程度越低；“循环湿法纺丝法”采用经220℃预加热后的PAI纤维为原料，再次通过湿法纺丝-热处理制备高强PAI纤维，所获得的PAI@220-340纤维的应力和应变分别为92.15 MPa和20.76%；该高强PAI纤维离火自熄，在阻燃防护领域具有巨大应用潜力。
Abstract：In order to effectively enhance the mechanical properties of polyamide-imide(PAI) fibers and promote their application in the field of flame retardant protection, PAI fibers were prepared via wet-spinning. Firstly, the influences of PAI mass fraction and needle specification on the mechanical properties of PAI as-spun fibers were investigated. Secondly, by modifying the heat treatment process and adopting a "cyclic wet-spinning method",significant improvements were achieved in the mechanical properties of PAI as-spun fibers. The results demonstrated that when the PAI mass fraction was 24% and needle gauge was 26G, PAI as-spun fibers exhibited optimal mechanical properties with a breaking strength of 21.20 MPa and a breaking elongation of 20.62%. Furthermore, high-temperature treatment was employed to induce thermal imidization reaction in PAI as-spun fibers. It was found that with the increase of temperature, the intensity of thermal imidization reaction was enhanced leading to superior mechanical properties of PAI fibers. The optimum temperature for thermal imidization reaction was determined to be 340 ℃, resulting in a breaking strength of 86.16 MPa and breaking elongation values of19.12% for PAI-340 fibers at this condition. The PAI as-spun fibers were subsequently subjected to high-temperature treatment through stepwise heating, with a termination temperature of 340 ℃. It was observed that increasing the number of temperature stages resulted in reduced heat input during the process, leading to a lower degree of thermal imidization reaction and consequently less improvement in the mechanical properties of the PAI fibers. Finally, "cyclic wet-spinning method" in which raw materials comprised of PAI-220 fibers were utilized followed by subsequent wet-spinning and heat treatment processes to produce high-strength PAI fibers. The resulting breaking strength and breaking elongation values for these newly developed fiber samples(PAI@220-340) were measured as 92.15 MPa and 20.76%, respectively. These high-strength PAI fibers were self-extinguishable after removal away from the flame and exhibited great application potential in the field of flame-retardant protection.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TQ342
引用信息:
[1]李玉瑶,崔旺,杨彬,等.新型聚酰胺酰亚胺纤维的制备及其力学性能增强[J].天津工业大学学报,2026,45(02):1-8.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（52203048）
2026-04-25
2026-04-25